http://www.polygenicpathways.co.uk/pdrisk.htm - May 22, 2013 11:18:12 AM - Mar 7, 2011 3:51:52 PM
Biochemistry and biomarkers
- Blood biomarkers (gene expression) ALDH1A1 HAP1 HSPA8 PSMC4 SKP1 Molochnikov et al, 2012
- Low plasma levels of ApoA1 correlated with earlier PD onset Qiang et al, 2013
- ICAM4 PTCD2 FRMD8 CTLA4 MYOT HSH2D FN1 TRIM21 EEF1A1 PABPC3
ATP6AP2 (mutation)
- An enterovirus , as well as the poliovirus and coxsackievirus B have been linked to this condition (electron-microscope study of archived post-mortem tissue) Dourmashkin et al, 2012
- In a further study Parkinson's disease was significantly related to mumps [odds ratio adjusted on occupation and family history of PD (aOR) = 7.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.77-16.36], scarlet fever (aOR = 12.18, 95% CI = 1.97-75.19), influenza (aOR = 8.01, 95% CI = 4.61-13.92), whooping cough (aOR = 19.90, 95% CI = 2.07-190.66) and herpes simplex infections (aOR = 11.52, 95% CI = 2.25-58.89). Tuberculosis, measles and chicken pox were not associated with PD Vlajinac et al, 2013
- Childhood measles has been inversely associated with Parkinson's disease Harris et al, 2012
- (LPS is a component of many bacteria)
. HER2
Trending content
- Mumps, influenza , whooping cough and herpes simplex infections have been associated with Parkinson;s disease (adjusted by occupation and family history )Vlajinac et al, 2012
. ATG7
- Milk intake in midlife has been associoated with a higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease Park et al, 2005
- Autoantibodies to sympathetic structures Emile et al, 1980
- Anaemia reported as a risk factor, particularly in women Savica et al, 2012 coupled with slightly lower haemoglobin levels Savica et al, 2009
Autoantibodies
- Anti-aldolase A autoantibodies Privitera et al, 2012
- Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease based on disease-specific autoantibody profiles in human sera.Han et al, 2012
- ICAM4 PTCD2 FRMD8 CTLA-4 MYOT HSH2D FN1 TRIM21 EEF1A1 PABPC3
- Association with Androgenetic alopecia (hairloss and decreased fertility) Li et al, 2012
- : perchloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride tended toward significance as risk factors Goldman et al, 2012